AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room
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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions
The best way to get better at FRQs is practice. Browse through dozens of practice AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs to get ready for the big day.
Airflow and Lift on an Aircraft Wing using Bernoulli's Principle
An aircraft wing is designed so that the airspeed over the top surface is 250 m/s and beneath the wi
Analysis of Fluid Flow Measurements in a Laboratory Pipe
A researcher collects flow measurements along a pipe with varying cross-sections. The following data
Analyzing Experimental Data on Fluid Flow
Researchers studied the flow of an incompressible fluid in a pipe by measuring the flow speed and co
Analyzing Fluid Flow in a River System
A river exhibits variations in cross-sectional area and flow speed along its course. Measurements at
Analyzing Pressure Distribution in a Rotating Fluid
A cylindrical container filled with fluid rotates at a constant angular velocity. The rotation creat
Analyzing Pressure in a U-Tube Manometer
A U-tube manometer utilizes two different fluids (water and mercury) to measure pressure differences
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At point 1 (where the pipe
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A fluid flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At the wide section (Point 1) the
Bernoulli's Equation in a Horizontal Pipe
A horizontal pipe carries water and gradually narrows. In the wide Section 1 (diameter 8 cm), the wa
Bernoulli's Equation with Incorrect Height Reference
A student constructs an experiment using a pipe system with both horizontal and vertical segments to
Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Investigation
In a laboratory experiment, a researcher investigates the buoyancy of objects using ethyl alcohol (d
Buoyancy and Density Ratio Experiment
An experiment is conducted to study the buoyancy of various objects in different fluids. The followi
Buoyancy and Floating Object
An object with a mass of $$150\;kg$$ and a volume of $$0.75\;m^3$$ is placed in a container filled w
Buoyancy and Floating Objects
An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is placed in a fluid with a density of 800 k
Buoyancy and Floating Objects Analysis
An object with a mass of $$150~kg$$ and volume of $$0.8~m^3$$ is placed in a container filled with a
Buoyancy and Stability of a Floating Body
A rectangular boat with a flat bottom is floating in freshwater (density = 1000 kg/m³). The boat has
Buoyancy in Marine Vessel Design
A researcher studies how buoyancy principles are applied to ensure that marine vessels float.
Column Pressure Analysis
A series of experiments is conducted to analyze the pressure exerted by vertical cement columns on t
Comparing Flow Rates in Different Pipes
A fluid flows through a pipe system that splits into two branches. Branch A has a circular cross-sec
Continuity Equation in a Constricted Pipe Experiment
A student sets up a horizontal pipe with two sections: one wide and one significantly constricted. T
Continuity Equation in a Variable Diameter Pipe
A circular pipe carries water with an initial section having a radius of 2 cm and a flow speed of 6
Density and Hydrostatic Pressure in a Liquid Column
A lab technician is given a sealed container holding $$1 \times 10^{-3} \; m^3$$ of oil with a mass
Density Determination by Immersion Experiment
A student conducts an experiment to determine the density of a metal cylinder by measuring the chang
Density Determination Experiment
A student performs an experiment to determine the density of three different liquids by measuring sm
Depth-Dependent Pressure Analysis
A cylindrical tank is filled with oil having a density of $$800\;kg/m^3$$. The oil column has a heig
Designing a Water Fountain: Pressure and Flow
A landscape architect is designing a water fountain and needs the water jet to reach a maximum heigh
Designing a Wind Tunnel Experiment to Validate Bernoulli's Effect
A researcher is tasked with designing a wind tunnel experiment to validate Bernoulli’s effect on a s
Discrepancies in Pipe Flow Measurements
In an experiment to measure water velocity in a pipe, the predicted velocity in a constricted (narro
Diver's Pressure: Hydrostatic and Atmospheric Contributions
A diver descends to a depth of 30 m in seawater with a density of 1025 kg/m³. The atmospheric pressu
Effect of Fluid Density on Buoyancy Force
An object with a fixed volume of $$0.1 \; m^3$$ is fully submerged in two different fluids. Answer t
Effect of Temperature on Fluid Density and Pressure in a Closed System
A thermal engineer investigates how an increase in temperature affects the density of water and, con
Energy Conservation in Fluid Flows
Using Bernoulli's equation, derive an expression that relates the change in kinetic energy per unit
Experimental Design: Measuring Fluid Density Using Displacement
A researcher aims to measure the density of an unknown liquid using a water displacement method in a
Experimental Determination of Fluid Density
This problem requires designing an experiment using the buoyant force method to determine the densit
Flow Dynamics in a Non-Uniform Pipe System
Water flows through a pipe system that varies in cross-sectional area along its length. A provided g
Flow Rate in a Non-uniform Pipe
A researcher examines fluid flow through a non-uniform circular pipe where the fluid is assumed to b
Flow Regimes: Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow and Continuity Equation
In a fluid dynamics experiment, students observe a smooth transition from laminar to turbulent flow
Fluid Density and Pressure in a Tank
A cylindrical tank contains an unknown fluid. The tank has a height of $$h = 2.0~m$$ and a base area
Fluid Jet from a Tank Orifice
Water is flowing out of a small circular hole located near the bottom of a large tank. According to
Graphical Analysis of Fluid Flow Data
A team of students measures the fluid velocity at various positions along a pipe with a varying cros
Hydraulic Press and Force Amplification
A hydraulic press consists of two pistons connected by an incompressible fluid. The larger piston ha
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Fluid
Consider an open tank containing water. The water has a density of 1000 kg/m³. Atmospheric pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Stratified Lake
In a lake experiencing a temperature gradient, water density increases with depth. Suppose the top 0
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Tank
This problem analyzes hydrostatic pressure in a fluid and the effect of atmospheric pressure on tota
Hydrostatic Pressure Variation
In a fluid pressure experiment, the pressure at various depths in a water tank was measured and reco
Hydrostatic Pressure Variation
A rectangular tank is filled with a liquid of density $$\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$$ to a height of
Hydrostatics in a Multi-Layer Fluid System
A container holds two immiscible liquids arranged in layers. The top layer is oil with density 800 k
Impact of Altitude on Atmospheric Pressure
A researcher calibrating an aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure at sea level as 101325 P
Lift Generation in Airfoils
An airplane wing is designed so that air flows over its upper surface at a higher speed than beneath
Manometer Pressure Measurements
An experiment uses a U-tube manometer filled with water to measure pressure differences in a fluid s
Mixed Fluid Continuity Experiment Error
A student sets up an experiment to test the continuity equation by measuring the flow rate through a
Multi-Stage Fluid Dynamics Analysis in a Piping Network
A fluid flows through a piping network with three segments having different diameters and elevation
Non-Uniform Fluid Acceleration in a Varying Pipe
Consider a horizontal pipe whose cross-sectional area changes along its length. A segment of the pip
Pressure at an Interface of Two Fluids
A container holds two immiscible fluids. A layer of oil (density $$800\;kg/m^3$$, depth $$0.5\;m$$)
Pressure Measurement using a Mercury Barometer
A mercury barometer records a mercury column height of 760 mm. Given that the density of mercury is
Pressure on Submerged Structures: Dam Windows
A dam features rectangular windows through which engineers measure the pressure exerted by the water
Pressure Variations in a Natural Lake
This question connects fluid mechanics with environmental applications by calculating hydrostatic pr
Static vs Dynamic Pressure in Pipe
An experiment was conducted to measure the pressure components in a streamlined flow within a horizo
Submerged Object Pressure Analysis
A researcher examines the variation of hydrostatic pressure on an object fully submerged in water.
Surface Pressure Analysis of a Column
A vertical column of cement has a base area of $$0.5\,m^2$$, a height of $$2\,m$$, and a density of
The Siphon Effect and Limitations
A garden siphon is used to transfer water from one container to another that is placed at a lower el
Time of Drainage from a Tank
A cylindrical tank with a cross-sectional area A is drained through a small outlet (area a) located
Torricelli’s Law and Fluid Ejection
An open tank at atmospheric pressure contains water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) with a free surface l
Variable Buoyancy: Measuring Submerged Fraction of an Object
Design an experiment to measure how the submerged volume fraction of an object changes in fluids wit
Venturi Meter and Bernoulli's Equation
A Venturi meter is installed in a horizontal pipe. The pipe narrows such that the cross-sectional ar
Venturi Meter Flow Measurement
A Venturi meter is used to measure the flow rate in a pipe by recording the pressure difference betw
Viscosity Effects on Flow Rate in Capillary Tubes
Design an experiment to study how fluid viscosity affects the flow rate through capillary tubes. You
Adiabatic Process Calculations
An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, meaning that no heat is exchanged with the surroundin
Analysis of Atmospheric Pressure and Gas Density
Explain why the high pressure generated by confined gas does not cause the container lid to pop off,
Analyzing Energy Balance in a Calorimetry Experiment
In a calorimetry experiment, a water bath is used to measure the energy transfer. The specific heat
Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics in a Piston System
A gas confined in a piston receives $$500\;J$$ of heat. During its expansion, the gas does $$200\;J$
Average Kinetic Energy and RMS Velocity in Gases
Using the kinetic theory of gases, consider a sample of an ideal gas at T = 300 K. (a) Calculate the
Conduction Heat Transfer Analysis
A metal rod is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs. The rod has a thermal conductivity of $$
Derivation of the Root Mean Square Velocity
Starting from the average kinetic energy equation $$\frac{1}{2} m(v^2)_{avg} = \frac{3}{2} k_B T$$,
Designing an Experiment to Measure Thermal Conductivity
Outline an experimental design to measure the thermal conductivity (k) of an unknown material using
Determining Force Exerted by Gas on a Container Lid
A cylindrical container with the following measured parameters is used in an experiment: the radius
Determining Heat Engine Efficiency
A cyclic heat engine operates with the following heat transfers during each cycle: it absorbs 1000 J
Determining Molecular Mass of a Gas via Ideal Gas Law Measurements: Experimental Design
The molecular mass of a gas can be determined by measuring its pressure, volume, temperature, and th
Determining Root Mean Square Velocity of Gas Molecules
A sample of an ideal gas is at a temperature of 300 K and consists of molecules with a mass of $$4.6
Determining Specific Heat Capacity Through Comparative Heating
In a laboratory experiment, a student heats 200 g of water and 200 g of an unknown liquid with the s
Effect of Molecular Mass on RMS Velocity
Examine how the molecular mass of a gas affects its root mean square velocity, given by the equation
Energy Conversion in a Steam Engine
A steam engine operates with an efficiency of 30% and absorbs 2000 J of heat per cycle. (a) Calcula
Entropy and the Second Law
The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, which is often associated with t
Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes
Consider an ideal gas that undergoes an isothermal expansion from an initial volume $$V_1$$ to a fin
Experimental Analysis of Gas Kinetic Energy
In a set of experiments, Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graphs were obtained at different temp
Force on a Container Lid
A cylindrical container has a radius of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. It contains 0.6 moles of an ide
Heat Engine Efficiency
A heat engine draws $$800\;J$$ of heat from a high-temperature source and rejects $$450\;J$$ of heat
Heat Engine Efficiency in Different Thermal Reservoir Conditions: Experimental Design
The efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperatures of its high-temperature and low-temperat
Heat Engine Work Cycle Analysis
A heat engine operates by drawing $$Q_H = 800\,J$$ of heat from a high-temperature source and discar
Heat Transfer Mechanism Identification
A long metal rod is heated at one end, and after some time, the entire rod becomes warm. Answer the
Integration Approach to Work Calculation
In processes where pressure varies with volume, work is computed by integrating the pressure-volume
Investigating the Role of Atmospheric Pressure in Sealed Container Systems
The net force on a container’s lid results from the difference between the internal gas pressure and
Isothermal Process Work Calculation
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion at a constant temperature of 350 K. The gas expands f
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution characterizes the spread of molecular speeds in an ideal gas. (a)
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution provides a statistical description of the speeds of molecules in
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis Experiment Error
A student conducts an experiment to validate the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution by measuring the fli
Pressure Force in a Confined Gas
A cylindrical container of radius 15 cm and height 30 cm contains 0.6 mole of an ideal gas at 433 K.
Radiative Heat Transfer Trend Analysis
An experiment measures the rate of radiative heat transfer from a heated object as a function of the
The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
The Second Law of Thermodynamics governs the direction of spontaneous processes. (a) State the Secon
Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law
Thermal equilibrium is a key concept in thermodynamics. (a) Define thermal equilibrium and its relat
Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law
In an experiment, two objects (A and C) both have temperatures measured at $$300\;K$$. A third objec
Thermodynamic Processes and Energy Changes
Many thermodynamic processes involve changes in volume, pressure, and temperature. Consider an ideal
Work Done in Isobaric and Isochoric Processes on a PV Diagram
A gas confined in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two distinct processes as shown on the PV dia
Work Done in Thermodynamic Processes
A gas undergoes two different expansion processes between the same initial and final states as descr
Analysis of Electric Field Lines and Equipotential Surfaces
A mapping experiment was performed to visualize the electric field lines and equipotential surfaces
Analysis of Equipotential Maps and Electric Field Lines
Consider a dipole formed by two equal but opposite point charges. Analyze the relationship between e
Assessing the Impact of Fringing Fields on Capacitance
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area A and separation d is ideally described by $$C = \frac{\v
Balancing Gravitational and Electric Forces
A 5 g object is placed 2 cm above a large, uniformly charged horizontal plate producing a uniform el
Capacitor Network Analysis in Series and Parallel
In a circuit, three capacitors are connected as follows: capacitor C1 (4 μF) is connected in series
Charge Quantization and Experimental Uncertainty
In a series of experiments, students measured the net charge on several isolated metallic spheres us
Charge Quantization Experiment Analysis
An experiment measures the charge on small spheres, and the measured values (in Coulombs) are found
Charge Redistribution in Conducting Spheres
Two identical conducting spheres, initially uncharged, are brought into contact and then separated.
Charge Redistribution via Induction
Two identical, initially neutral conducting spheres are placed in contact on an insulating stand. A
Coulomb’s Law in Different Media
A study investigates how the presence of various media affects the force between two point charges,
Coulomb’s Pendulum Experiment Error Analysis
In an experiment designed to measure the electrostatic force between two identically charged spheres
Determining Electric Field from a Voltage vs. Distance Graph
In a uniform electric field, the relationship between electric potential (voltage) and distance is l
Distance Dependence in Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law quantitatively describes the force between two point charges as inversely proportional
Effect of a Dielectric on Capacitor Capacitance
A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C₀ is filled with vacuum. (a) If a dielectric material
Electric Field due to a Point Charge in Different Media
Consider a point charge Q = 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ C placed in free space.
Electric Potential Due to Multiple Charges
Consider two point charges: $$Q_1 = +2 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$ located at \((-0.04 \; m, 0)\) and $$Q_
Electric Potential Energy in Uniform Field
A researcher moves a charge $$q$$ along the direction of a uniform electric field $$E$$. The displac
Energy Storage in a Capacitor with a Dielectric Material
A capacitor with initial capacitance $$C_0$$ is charged to a voltage $$V_0$$. After charging, the ca
Energy Storage: Impact of Plate Separation in a Capacitor Connected to a Battery
A parallel-plate capacitor connected to a battery maintains a constant potential difference V. Initi
Energy Stored in a Capacitor
A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 nF is charged to a potential difference of 500 V.
Equipotential Maps and Field Line Analysis
An equipotential map of a two-charge system is provided in the stimulus. Answer the following: (a)
Experimental Design: Measuring the Electric Force on a Charged Particle
A research team aims to design an experiment to measure the electric force on a small charged partic
Force Comparison in Hydrogen Atom
An experiment is conceptually designed to compare the magnitude of the electric force to the gravita
Graphical Analysis of Electric Potential Energy
A graph is provided showing the electrical potential energy U of a test charge as a function of its
Impact of Dielectrics on Capacitance
A recent report claims that inserting a dielectric with a dielectric constant of 3 into a parallel-p
Induction Charging Experiment: Charge Redistribution Oversight
An experiment is conducted to study charging by induction using two initially uncharged metal sphere
Investigating Coulomb's Law in a Controlled Experiment
Design an experiment to measure the electric force between two charged spheres as a function of sepa
Measurement and Analysis of Charge Distribution on a Sphere
A non-conducting sphere of radius 5 cm carries a total charge of 2×10⁻⁸ C uniformly distributed thro
Multiple Charge System: Net Force on a Central Charge
Consider three point charges aligned on a straight line. Let $$Q_1 = +5\;\mu C$$, $$Q_2 = -3\;\mu C$
Net Electric Force in a Square Configuration
Four identical positive point charges, each of $$2.0 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$, are placed at the vertic
Net Force in Linear Charge Arrangement
A researcher arranges three point charges along the x-axis as follows: $$q_1 = +2.0 \; nC$$ at $$x =
Net Force on Central Charge in a Square Configuration
Four equal positive point charges (each of magnitude Q) are placed at the vertices of a square with
Three-Dimensional Vector Addition of Electric Forces
Accurately calculating the net electric force on a test charge in a three-dimensional configuration
Torque on an Electric Dipole
An electric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences a torque that tends to align the dipole w
Verification of Charge Quantization
A researcher performs an oil drop experiment to verify the quantization of electric charge. The meas
Work and Potential Difference in a Uniform Electric Field
A positive charge of $$+1.0*10^{-2}$$ C is moved a distance of 0.15 m in the direction of a uniform
Work Calculation in a Non-Uniform Electric Field
An experiment tracks the work done on a charge as it moves through a non-uniform electric field crea
Analysis of a Real Battery’s Performance in a Resistive Circuit
A real battery with an EMF of 9 V and an internal resistance of 0.5 Ω is connected to a load resisto
Basic Circuit Analysis
A 9V battery is connected in a simple circuit containing a single resistor of 10 Ω. Using Ohm’s Law
Battery Internal Resistance Analysis
A battery with an electromotive force $$\varepsilon = 12\,V$$ and internal resistance $$r = 1\,\Omeg
Battery Life Estimation for a Portable Device
A portable device operates on a battery rated at 1500 mAh at 3.7 V. The device draws an average curr
Capacitance Modification in Connected vs. Disconnected Batteries
A capacitor with capacitance $$C = 20\,\mu F$$ is charged in a circuit. Compare and contrast two sce
Effect of Adding a Parallel Resistor in a Series Circuit
Consider a circuit consisting of a 9 V battery connected in series with a 12 Ω resistor. A 24 Ω resi
Effect of Capacitance Variation on Steady-State Voltage
A capacitor is initially charged to $$15 \text{ V}$$. Two scenarios are considered when its physical
Effect of Resistor Arrangement on Circuit Current Distribution
A circuit consists of a 12 V battery connected to a resistor network featuring both series and paral
Effect of Wire Dimensions on Resistance
The resistance of a wire is given by $$R = \rho*\frac{l}{A}$$, where $$l$$ is the length, $$A$$ is t
Effects of Series and Parallel Combinations on Circuit Functionality
An experimental setup features several combinations of resistors and capacitors arranged in both ser
Energy Efficiency in Electric Circuits: Real-World Applications
In high-powered circuits, minimizing energy loss is crucial. Consider a circuit powered by a $$24 \t
Evaluation of Energy Storage in a Capacitor
A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 μF is charged to a potential difference of 12 V.
Experimental Verification of Ohm's Law in Domestic Appliances
A news report claims that voltage and current measurements taken from a household appliance support
Impact of Temperature on Resistor Performance
A researcher investigates how the resistance of a metallic resistor changes as the temperature is in
Impact of Wire Dimensions on Resistance
In an experiment, two wires made of the same material but with different lengths and cross-sectional
Investigating the Impact of Wire Geometry on Electrical Resistance
A claim is made that the resistance of a wire depends on its length and cross-sectional area as desc
Investigation of Heat Production in Resistive Circuits
Resistors dissipate electrical energy as heat. Answer the following:
Kirchhoff's Laws in a Multi-branch Circuit
An experimental circuit with multiple junctions is analyzed using Kirchhoff's laws. The table below
Multi-loop Circuit Analysis with a Capacitor
A circuit consists of two loops. In the first loop, a resistor of $$4\,\Omega$$ is connected in seri
Power Dissipation Analysis in Resistive Networks
Consider a circuit powered by a $$24 \text{ V}$$ battery. The circuit consists of a series resistor
Power Dissipation Optimization in Resistor Networks
A laboratory experiment compares power dissipation in two resistor network configurations: one with
RC Circuit Analysis with Switch Operations
In an RC circuit with a switch, experimental measurements indicate that immediately after closing th
Resistivity and Material Properties
In a study of different conductive materials, wires of identical dimensions (length = 2 m, cross-sec
Resistor Networks and Equivalent Resistance
A circuit contains three resistors arranged in a mixed series-parallel configuration. Resistors R1 =
Series and Parallel Circuit Analysis
In this problem, you will analyze a circuit that comprises a combination of resistors in both series
Series and Parallel Resistor Analysis
This question examines the behavior of resistors arranged in series and parallel in simple circuits.
Switching Dynamics in Direct Current Circuits
Direct current circuits often include switches that change the circuit configuration. Consider a cir
Time Constant Determination from RC Circuit Current Decay
A series of measurements in an RC circuit provides the decay of current over time after the switch i
Validating Ohm's Law with a Non-Ohmic Conductor
A student attempts to validate Ohm's law by plotting the voltage-current (V–I) relationship for a fi
Balancing Electric and Magnetic Forces on Charged Particles
In a controlled experiment, electrons are passed through a region where uniform electric (E) and mag
Calculating Magnetic Flux in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A rectangular loop with width $$w = 0.2$$ m and height $$h = 0.3$$ m is placed in a magnetic field t
Charged Particle in a Uniform Magnetic Field
A positively charged particle with charge $$q = 2.0 * 10^{-6}$$ C enters a region with a uniform mag
Circular Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its velocity and undergoes unifo
Comparative Analysis of Induced Currents
A physics laboratory is set up to compare three different methods of inducing a current in a wire lo
Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Forces on Oppositely Charged Particles
Two particles, one with a positive charge of $$q_1 = +2 \times 10^{-6} \; C$$ and the other with a n
Comparing Magnetic Field Mapping Techniques
Design an experiment to compare two techniques for mapping magnetic field lines: one using iron fili
Current-Carrying Wire Force Experiment
A group of students conducts an experiment to measure the force on a U-shaped current-carrying wire
Current-Carrying Wire in Variable Magnetic Field
A researcher studies a straight wire of length $$\ell$$ carrying a current $$I$$, placed in a magnet
Data Analysis: Current vs. Magnetic Field Strength in a Solenoid
Analyze experimental data relating the current through a solenoid to the resulting magnetic field in
Designing a Magnetic Speed Sensor Using Motional EMF
In a laboratory experiment, a metal rod moves through a uniform magnetic field of strength $$B = 0.5
Designing an Electromagnet with a Solenoid
Electromagnets can be constructed using solenoids. In this problem, you will derive the magnetic fie
Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment
You are tasked with designing an experiment to investigate how the rotational speed of a coil affect
Determining Magnetic Field Direction Around a Wire
A long, straight vertical wire carries a current of 15 A upward. Around the wire, four points (A, B,
Determining Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
An experimental report describes the measurement of the magnetic force on a proton moving at $$2*10^
Dynamic Analysis of Induced EMF in a Rotating Multi-turn Coil
A coil comprising $$N = 50$$ turns, each with an area of $$A = 0.02 \; m^2$$, rotates in a uniform m
Effect of Coil Geometry on Induced EMF
In this experiment, students design coils with varying numbers of turns and measure the induced emf
Electromagnetic Induction in a Rotating Loop
A circular loop rotates in a uniform magnetic field, causing a time-varying magnetic flux and induce
Evaluating the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire
An experiment is conducted to measure the magnetic field strength around a long, straight current-ca
Exploration of Magnetic Flux Through a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius 0.03 m is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T and rotated from 0°
Faraday’s Law and Induced EMF
An experiment uses a coil with a fixed number of turns, where the external magnetic field strength i
Faraday’s Law and Rotating Loop
A circular loop rotates in a uniform magnetic field, inducing an emf according to Faraday’s Law. Ana
Force on a Proton Near a Current-Carrying Wire
A proton moves near a long, straight wire that carries a constant current. Analyze the magnetic fiel
Hall Effect Sensor Calibration in Magnetic Field Experiment
Researchers are calibrating a Hall effect sensor to measure the magnitude of magnetic fields around
Induced EMF in a Rotating Square Loop Experiment
A laboratory experiment involves a square loop of wire that rotates at a constant angular speed in a
Induced EMF in a Time-Varying Solenoid Field
A solenoid with 300 turns and a cross-sectional area of 0.05 m² produces an axial magnetic field tha
Investigating Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor
In an experiment, a conducting rod of length $$\ell = 0.5\;m$$ is moved at a constant velocity throu
Investigating the Impact of Magnetic Field Strength on Induced Current
This FRQ examines how changes in magnetic field strength affect the induced current in a circuit wit
Investigating the Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
A solenoid with length $$L$$, number of turns $$N$$, and carrying current $$I$$ produces a uniform m
Investigation of Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic Materials
Design an experiment to investigate the hysteresis behavior in ferromagnetic materials by plotting a
Magnetic Field from a Current-Carrying Wire
This FRQ involves calculating the magnetic field due to a current-carrying wire and analyzing experi
Magnetic Field from a Current-Carrying Wire
Consider a long, straight wire carrying an electric current. Answer the following regarding the magn
Magnetic Flux and Loop Angle
A circular loop of wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Its orientation relative to the field
Magnetic Flux Through a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius $$r = 0.03 \; m$$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength $$B =
Magnetic Materials and Field Distribution
A researcher compares soft iron and hard steel as core materials in electromagnets. The magnetic per
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines of a Bar Magnet
In this experiment, a researcher uses iron filings sprinkled on a sheet of paper placed atop a perma
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines using Iron Dust
In an experiment, a bar magnet is placed on a sheet and iron dust is sprinkled over it to visualize
Mapping the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Current-Carrying Wire
In this experiment, students use a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field (B) at various distance
Measuring the Magnetic Field Inside a Solenoid
A solenoid in a laboratory has 500 turns and a length of $$L = 0.5 \; m$$ and carries a current of $
Rotating Coil and Faraday's Law
A circular coil rotates at a constant angular speed within a uniform magnetic field. During rotation
Verification of Right-Hand Rule Using Compass Readings
An experiment is conducted where students use a current-carrying wire to generate a magnetic field a
Calculating Lens Power from Image Magnification
An object is placed $$10 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a converging lens and produces a real image that i
Calculating Lens Power from Image Magnification
The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length (in meters). Analyze an example
Comparative Analysis of Double-Slit and Single-Slit Diffraction Patterns
Both double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction produce characteristic patterns on a scree
Comprehensive Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems
Design an experiment that integrates lenses and mirrors to project an image onto a screen. This comp
Convex Mirror Image Analysis
An object is positioned 30 cm in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of -15 cm. Answer the
Curved Mirror and Lens Combination in Optical Instruments
Design a simplified optical instrument that incorporates a concave mirror and a converging lens. Ans
Determining Indices and Critical Angles
Light travels from a glass medium into air. In one experiment, a beam in glass strikes the interface
Diffraction Grating Experiment: Determining Wavelength of Light
Design an experiment using a diffraction grating to determine the wavelength of a light source. Your
Diffraction Grating for Wavelength Determination
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per cm is used to measure the wavelength of a light source. Th
Diffraction Gratings Analysis
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter is used to analyze sodium light with wavelength
Diverging Lens Image Characteristics
An object with a height of $$11 \text{ cm}$$ is placed $$48 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a diverging len
Diverging Lens Image Construction
A diverging lens has a focal length of $$-25\,cm$$. An object is placed $$50\,cm$$ in front of the l
Electromagnetic Wave Characterization
A researcher studies electromagnetic waves emitted by distant stars, using the fundamental relation
Electromagnetic Wave Interference and Phase Difference
A diagram is provided showing two coherent electromagnetic waves with a phase difference interfering
Electromagnetic Waves: Frequency and Polarization
This question investigates the characteristics of electromagnetic waves including the calculation of
Experimental Verification of the Law of Reflection
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. This questi
Fiber Optics and Total Internal Reflection
An optical fiber operates on the principle of total internal reflection. The core of the fiber has a
Image Formation by Concave Mirrors
A concave mirror has a focal length of $$10\,cm$$. An object of height $$4\,cm$$ is placed $$30\,cm$
Image Formation in Plane Mirrors
A set of measurements has been taken using a plane mirror to form images. The data below compares ob
Image Formation with a Concave Mirror
A student investigates image formation using a concave mirror. In the experiment, a concave mirror w
Interference in Multiple-Slit Systems
An experiment compares the interference patterns produced by a double-slit setup and a triple-slit s
Interference Patterns in Thin Films
A thin oil film (with refractive index n = 1.3) lies on water (n = 1.33) and is illuminated with whi
Optical Fibers and Total Internal Reflection
Optical fibers use total internal reflection to guide light over long distances. Consider an optical
Plane Mirror Image Formation
An object is placed 25 cm in front of a plane mirror. (a) Determine the distance of the image from
Plane Mirror Investigation: Verifying Virtual Image Formation
Design an experiment to investigate how plane mirrors form virtual images. Your design should includ
Plane Mirror Reflection: Image Formation Error Analysis
A student designs an experiment to study image formation using a plane mirror. The setup involves an
Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves
A schematic diagram is provided illustrating polarized light passing through a series of polarizers.
Radio Wave Wavelength Determination
A radio transmitter emits electromagnetic waves with a frequency of $$f = 100*10^{6} \ Hz$$.
Reflection and Refraction at a Glass Surface
A beam of light traveling in air is incident on a flat glass surface at an angle of $$30^\circ$$ rel
Single Slit Diffraction Analysis
A student conducts an experiment to investigate the diffraction pattern produced by a single slit. T
Single Slit Diffraction Analysis
A single slit with width $$a = 0.20 \text{ mm}$$ is illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength
Single Slit Diffraction Experiment: Determining Slit Width
Design an experiment to measure the width of a single slit by analyzing its diffraction pattern. You
Snell's Law and Critical Angle: Measuring Refractive Indices
An experiment measured the critical angles for total internal reflection for two different media. Th
Thin Converging Lens Image Formation
An object of height 10 cm is placed 40 cm from a converging lens with a focal length of 15 cm. Answe
Thin Lenses - Converging Lens Magnification
An object is placed 10 cm in front of a converging lens, resulting in a real image that is twice the
Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle Determination
This question focuses on deriving the condition for total internal reflection and applying it to det
Young's Double-Slit Experiment Analysis
In a Young's double-slit experiment, the slit separation is $$d = 1.5*10^{-3}\,m$$, the distance to
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Note Tips from Former AP Students
- Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
- Once you’re done with those go through all the questions in the AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedFree Response Room. You can answer the question and have it grade you against the rubric so you know exactly where to improve.
- Reddit it also a great place to find AP free response questions that other students may have access to.